Law of terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law of terrorism - Essay Example The Terrorism Act 2000 criminalises terrorism while subsequent legislation like Anti-terrorism crime and security Act 2001 counters terrorism through port controls, forfeiture of terrorism linked assets and detention without trial. Intelligence surveillance is essential in protecting civil liberties and curtailing terrorism related activities in the UK. Other policy makers have asserted the intelligence surveillance intrudes the privacy of citizens and undermines democratic values. Surveillance activities entail intercepting communication channels such as telephone conversations, bugging, spying and entry and search missions in private properties. In the case of Malone v. Met Police Commissioner (no.2) (1979) 2 All ER 620, the plaintiff argued that the Crown had no any powers to tap telephones and that he had rights of privacy and confidentiality in respect of the telephone conversations2. However, the court dismissed the plaintiff claims on the basis that no particular privacy right had been infringed without molestation and telephone methods did not infringe any law. The plaintiff further argued that Article 8 of the 1950 Convention had conferred him the rights to privacy and family life. However, the plaintiff appealed the decision of the court in the case of Malone v. ... The new Acts provided the legal framework for surveillance tools and outlawed unlawful interception of telephone communications. However, the Interception of Communications Act 1985, allowed the Secretary of State to issue a warrant for the interception of conversations in furtherance of national security and prevention of serious crimes in the UK. Further, in the case of Halford v. UK (1997) 24 EHRR 523, the court held that citizens expect a reasonable degree of privacy in the workplace4. Accordingly, the UK courts have held that undercover police women cannot obtain incriminating evidence through befriending men who have been accused of murder since it is a violation of Code C of PACE5. The enactment of regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 paved way for the legal framework on interception of communications from suspected terrorists. Part II of the Act deals with covert surveillance and the code of practice during surveillance intelligence gathering. The Act defines the acts of the intelligence officers that can be construed as surveillance and includes the recording, observation, and listening of conversations of the communications. Section 26 of the RIPA ACT outlines the nature of intelligence including the directed intelligence and intrusive intelligence that will occur in private property or vehicle. The RIPA Act 2000 allows the public bodies to intercept telecom communications and use covert intelligence sources in promoting national security. Accordingly, the act allows the intelligence bodies to access decrypted data and conduct mass surveillance on transit data in order to uncover terrorism related activities. The intelligence authorities have the powers to monitor the internet activities and can

The Great Cat Massacre by Robert Darnton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Great Cat Massacre by Robert Darnton - Essay Example The cat massacre served as a clever and afflictive attack on the print master and his wife. By killing the cats, the laborers get back at the master of the shop. The workers hated the cats because their masters love those animals and nurture them more than the workers. By first killing the mistress' beloved cat "la grise," the workers emblematically raped the bourgeoisie. It is a clear display of insult and threat as the workers assured her that no one would be capable of such a crime because they have too much respect for the house. Simultaneously, they caused the sovereign insult to their master-his wife being his most precious possession just as her cat was hers. The workers amused themselves with Lveill skillfully reenacting the horrible scene over and over during the following days. The mime was an atrocious and humiliating attack at the expense of the master's entire household. It provided entertainment for the men. It must be taken into account the unity of the workers against the masters. By executing the cats with such elaborate ceremony, they condemned master guilty-guilty of the unjust management of the shop towards apprentices. The cats were a representation of the masters, who were declared guilty of poor labor practices. In trying, confessing, and hanging a collection of half-dead cats, the workers meant to ridicule their master.