Thursday, November 28, 2019

British school free essay sample

The Hermitage is one of the really few on the Continent which contains a particular subdivision for English images. Portrayal, landscape picture and satire art in which England excelled, are represented by a figure of excellent pictures and prints executed by the most outstanding creative persons of British School, chiefly of the eighteenth century. A figure of 17th-19th century plants are on show excessively. There are besides some noteworthy specimens of applied art, among which is a all right group of objects in Ag and Wedgwood potteryware. English pictures of the seventeenth century are highly rare outside England.The Hermitage possesses several plants of this period. These are: the Portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Robert Walker, two portrayals by Peter Lely, of which the # 171 ; Portrait of a Woman # 187 ; reveals the creative person # 8217 ; s sense of coloring material to great advantage ; besides the # 171 ; Portrait of Grinling Gibbons # 187 ; by Godfrey Kneller, to call merely the most outstanding canvases. We will write a custom essay sample on British school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The aggregation has no pictures by William Hogarth, but some of his prints selected from a big and representative aggregation possessed by the Museum are normally on show. Joshua Reynolds is represented by four canvases all painted in the 1780-s. An interesting illustration of his late work is the # 171 ; Infant Hercules strangulating the Serpents # 187 ; , which is an fable of the vernal Russia beating her enemies. The image was commissioned from Reynolds by Catherine II, and was brought to Russia in 1789. In 1891 two other canvases were sent by Reynolds to Russia. One was the # 171 ; Continence of Scepic Africanus # 187 ; , which, every bit good as the # 171 ; Infant Hercules # 187 ; , reveals Reynolds # 8217 ; s construct of the expansive manner in art. The other was # 171 ; Venus and Cupid # 187 ; ; presumptively stand foring Lady Hamilton.This is one of the versions of the pià ±ture entitled  «The Snake in the Grass » , owned by the National Gallery, London Reynolds # 8217 ; s # 171 ; Girl at a window # 187 ; is a transcript with little alterations, from Rembrandt # 8217 ; s canvas bearing the same rubric, and owned by the Dulwich Gallery. It may be regarded as an illustration of Reynolds # 8217 ; s survey of the # 171 ; old Masterss # 8217 ; # 187 ; plants. A just thought of the British creative persons # 8217 ; accomplishments in the field of portrait picture can be gained from the canvases by George Romney Thomas Gainsborough, John Opie, Henry Rdeburn, John Hoppner and John Russell, all marked by a color of look and glare of executing typical of the British School of portrayal picture in the yearss when it had achieved a national tradition. Highly of import is Gainsborough # 8217 ; s superb # 171 ; Portrait of the Duchess of Beaufort # 187 ; painted in a loose and most effectual mode feature of his art in the late 1770 # 8217 ; s. For appeal of look and glare of executing, it ranks among the chef-doeuvres of the Museum.The # 171 ; Tron Forge # 187 ; by Joseph Wright of Derby is an interesting illustration of a new topic in English18th century art: the subject of labor and industry, which merged in the yearss of the Industrial Revolution. The few pictures of importance belonging to the British school of the nineteenth century include a landscape ascribed to John Constable ; the # 171 ; Boats at a shore # 187 ; by Richard Parkers Bonington ; the # 171 ; Portrait of an old adult female # 187 ; by David Wilki, three portrayals by Thomas Lawrence and portrayals by George Daive, of which the unfinished # 171 ; Portrait of the Admiral Shishkov # 187 ; is the most impressive. The aggregation was mostly formed at the beginning of the twentieth century, a great portion of it deducing from the Khitrovo aggregation bequeathed to the Museum in 1916.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Wealth

WEALTH AND DEMOCRACY:A POLITICAL HISTORY OF RICH AND POOR Kevin Phillips' insight into American politics and economics has helped to make history as well as record it. The books he has written, including The Emerging Republican Majority (1969) and The Politics of Rich and Poor (1990), have helped to influence presidential campaigns and changed the way America sees itself. Phillips is widely acknowledged as one of the nation's most perceptive thinkers, he turns his attention to the United States' history of great wealth and power, from the American Revolution to what he calls "the Second Gilded Age" at the turn of the twenty-first century. â€Å"The Second Gilded Age† has been staggering enough in its concentration of wealth to dwarf the original Gilded Age a hundred years earlier. However, the tech crash and then the horrible events of September 11, 2001, pointed out that great riches are as vulnerable as they have ever been. In Wealth and Democracy, Kevin Phillips charts the ongoing American history of great wealth–how it has been accumulated, its shifting sources, and its ups and downs over more than a time span of two centuries. He explores how the rich and politically powerful have frequently worked together to create or perpetuate privilege, often at the expense of the national interest and usually at the expense of the middle and lower classes. The book is filled with intriguing chapters on history and a bold analysis of present-day America. Phillips does well clarifying the dangerous politics that go with the excessive concentration of wealth. Kevin Phillips also profiles wealthy Americans–from Astor to Carnegie and Rockefeller to contemporary wealth holders–he provides details about the peculiarly American ways of becoming and staying a multimillionaire. He exposes the corruption spawned by a money culture and financial power, evident in economic philosophy, tax favoritism, and selective bailouts in the name of fre... Free Essays on Wealth Free Essays on Wealth WEALTH AND DEMOCRACY:A POLITICAL HISTORY OF RICH AND POOR Kevin Phillips' insight into American politics and economics has helped to make history as well as record it. The books he has written, including The Emerging Republican Majority (1969) and The Politics of Rich and Poor (1990), have helped to influence presidential campaigns and changed the way America sees itself. Phillips is widely acknowledged as one of the nation's most perceptive thinkers, he turns his attention to the United States' history of great wealth and power, from the American Revolution to what he calls "the Second Gilded Age" at the turn of the twenty-first century. â€Å"The Second Gilded Age† has been staggering enough in its concentration of wealth to dwarf the original Gilded Age a hundred years earlier. However, the tech crash and then the horrible events of September 11, 2001, pointed out that great riches are as vulnerable as they have ever been. In Wealth and Democracy, Kevin Phillips charts the ongoing American history of great wealth–how it has been accumulated, its shifting sources, and its ups and downs over more than a time span of two centuries. He explores how the rich and politically powerful have frequently worked together to create or perpetuate privilege, often at the expense of the national interest and usually at the expense of the middle and lower classes. The book is filled with intriguing chapters on history and a bold analysis of present-day America. Phillips does well clarifying the dangerous politics that go with the excessive concentration of wealth. Kevin Phillips also profiles wealthy Americans–from Astor to Carnegie and Rockefeller to contemporary wealth holders–he provides details about the peculiarly American ways of becoming and staying a multimillionaire. He exposes the corruption spawned by a money culture and financial power, evident in economic philosophy, tax favoritism, and selective bailouts in the name of fre...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Individual Consumer Decision-Making Process Paper Essay

Individual Consumer Decision-Making Process Paper - Essay Example In this paper, we will discuss the ways marketers can use the consumer decision-making process to drive buyer’s actions. The paper will also include a discussion on the impact of marketing on consumer satisfaction. As Tatum (n.d.) states, â€Å"with most customer buying process models, the approach begins with the determination by the consumer that he or she has a need or a want that must be fulfilled†. At this stage of consumer buying process, consumers identify their needs and then carryout a search for the available alternatives. At this stage, marketers determine the needs of the customers to know what strategies they should use to make people buy their products. Moreover, marketers can look at various aspects of the requirements of the customers to know whether their marketing strategies will be able to drive customer focus or they need some modifications to make their products attractive for the customers. Problem recognition stage is of great importance in the overall consumer buying process because this is the stage when a customer makes out whether he/she should continue with the buying process or not. This stage is dependent somewhat on the marketing of products. i.e. people first look at the advertisements of new products and then if they like some particular product, they make up their mind to continue the buying process. At this stage of the buying process, a customer searches for some available alternatives which are similar to the product they are intending to buy. If they find some better product from the same product range, they shift their choice to that item and discard their decision to buy the already chosen product. Consumers explore promotional materials and product’s history gain information about the desired product (Stroebel, 2011). From the perspective of consumers, search for the alternatives refer to the search for companies that manufacture the desired product. Marketers can play a vital role at this stage

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek Essay

Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek - Essay Example Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek? Then from the literature review, the views of various authors related to theory of Hayek will be taken into account to link these terms up. Finally, after a thorough analysis the final conclusion will be presented to sum up the whole theory. The concept of â€Å"Spontaneous order† is an order that emerges with the volunteer actions of the individuals and not the one that is artificially created by the government. It is the key concept in free market tradition and classical liberal explained differently by different people. However, Hayek has explained the term as more creatively designed efficient market economies than any societal design could achieve (Petsoulas, 2001 – pp.2). This view is pointing towards the fact that market economies are emerged naturally from the business services and the individuals involved in the buying and selling of these goods and services to form and distribute them accordingly depending upon the individual decisions. Such economies cannot b e designed and created by any society manually. The idea of â€Å"Social justice† refers to the equal distribution of rights and duties among all individuals present within a given system. It is the key concept that is supportive of human rights and aims to achieve all aspects of a social system including the administrative law. A social system is said to be â€Å"just† only when all rules and regulations are abide equally by all the individuals present in it. Fair treatment should be attributed to all individuals and groups to promote the basic concept of merit. Distribution of costs and benefits should be equal among all without any favor. According to the Hayed, the social justice is nothing but a â€Å"Mirage† (Routledge and Paul, 1982). Hayek has referred to the social justice as the â€Å"worst use of word social† and it indicates a â€Å"semantic fraud†. Hayek has noticed that the term has "already distorted the thinking of a younger generat ion," citing David Miller's recent Oxford doctoral thesis, titled as "Social Justice.† (Routledge, 1988, pp.114-118) All the above evidences show that Hayek was not supportive of the idea of social justice because he viewed that the economic reward system is the result of unplanned market economies that arises from the individual actions and decisions. Such system occurs naturally as a result of spontaneous order rather than being created manually then there is no need to think about social justice or injustice as every individual has been assigned a particular place and position within the society and is working under the command of some central authority that directs them. Hayek was of the view that the spontaneous order comprises of individuals and organizations than there is no need of social justice (Hayek, 1993, pp.46). Spontaneous order aims to correct the errors that are residing within a given social system and help the individuals to struggle and meet their desired e xpectations. It plays a key role in building social relationships. Hayek has put forth the idea that a centralized legal system would not be able to enhance the effectiveness of social justice or well being as â€Å"only human conduct can be called as jus or unjust† (Miller, 1976, pp.17) (Macleod, 1983, pp.557). The economic systems are too complex to be regulated in any centralized legal direction (Hayek, 1973, 1976, 1979). Hayek has simply rejected the idea of the prevalence of social or distributive justice within the spontaneous o

Monday, November 18, 2019

Kim Emighs Ethical Dilemma and Moral Courage Essay

Kim Emighs Ethical Dilemma and Moral Courage - Essay Example There will be SEC violations and you need to make everybody aware of it. It was audacious because he was not just being direct at admonishing a superior of a wrongdoing but also told him directly to make the authorities aware of it. In so doing, he jeopardized not only his career, which later proved that action to be fatal as he was fired, but also his relationship with other fellow workers. He also ran the danger of being fired which later happened but under the guise of corporate reduction, as he was directly telling his superiors that â€Å"you are doing a criminal act† and you will be reported. Although Kim Emigh’s admonishment to his superior to make the authorities be made aware of it didn’t exactly happened as he was later fired, the gesture just showed personal integrity and an unbending professionalism on Kim Emigh’s part not to commit nor be a part of any fraud adhering to the ethical principle of his profession to be objective and not to misrepr esent nor falsify any accounting records no matter who you are going against or fight with.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Factors in NHS Clinical and Corporate Governance

Factors in NHS Clinical and Corporate Governance Introduction This paper presents a critical insight on the key aspects associated with the deployment of clinical and corporate governance on an organization wide basis. The key managerial elements associated with the management or change, organization wide practices and implementation of policy guidance is presented to the reader. 1.  Organization Wide awareness and governance Lee (1999)[1] argues that the â€Å"Clinical governance has been defined as ‘Corporate accountability for clinical performance†. This makes it clear that the accountability of a given NHS trust can be accomplished only through an organization wide approach to the quality management process in order to ensure that the organization is not only accountable to the process of achieving quality of service in healthcare services but also in the delivery of the processes from a managerial perspective. The implementation of the framework like Total Quality Management is deemed applicable as the TQM approach is primarily aimed to nurture the awareness of quality at all levels of an organization thus leveraging commitment and operational excellence among the staff members as argued by Onion (2000)[2]. The implementation of the TQM would also require the need to review and address the key operational and strategic elements of the overall NHS management process in the given organizat ion in order to effectively implement the quality assurance strategy devised (Onion, 2000). The following sections provide a overview on the key tasks associated with the implementation of the organization wide quality assurance and management process at the NHS trust where the clinical incident due to the mismanagement and inefficient policy control. 2. Quality Assurance The quality of service in the health services environment is a critical aspect associated with the management of the NHS hospitals and primary health care units attached to the each hospital (Savage, 2000[3]). This is not only due to the need for ensuring that the patients are diagnosed successfully and critical illness or transition to critical condition avoided through prompt treatment but also due to the need for effectively managing the process of allocating the resources to the necessary locations and training the medical staff in the use of the equipments alongside communication of changes to policies and procedures. This process of clinical governance is one of the critical elements to ensure that the funds spent on the healthcare services at NHS and other primary healthcare units are realised through providing prompt and valuable services to the patients as argued by Trubek et al (2008)[4]. The implementation of the quality assurance process at the primary health care clinic and the NHS hospital to which it is attached, it is necessary to review the existing policies and procedures of the entire NHS trust that manages the portfolio of hospitals and primary health care centres along with the two that were concerned with the incident. This is necessary in order to ensure consistency in the policies and procedures which can be accomplished through implementing a common procedure to replace those that are locally managed at the healthcare centres or hospitals. This is critical for the effectiveness in the quality assurance process because of the fact that the consistency in the service rendered is the first step to achieving quality of service as the healthcare staff across the organization at a given role will be aware of the tasks and the sequence in which they must be conducted in order to provide medical care to a patient. The process of quality assurance in an organization is mainly concerned with the policies and procedures that are implemented and th e extent to which they are adhered in order to deliver the effective service quality to the customers as argued by reference4. Hence it is necessary to ensure that there is consistency in the policies and procedures followed in order to successfully implement the quality assurance process at the NHS. In the light of the clinical incident, it is clear that the lack of policies and procedures for resuscitation of the patients along with the lack of awareness among the emergency response team on the operational procedures associated with the use of the recovery equipments justifies that the review of existing policies and enforcement of organization-wide policies and procedures for both emergency medical care and the day-to-day operations to achieve quality assurance. 3. Audit Control and Change Management The process of quality assurance can be achieve successfully only when the revision of the existing procedures and policies are in place (i.e.) the changes required at each hospital and attached health care units are achieved and practised effectively. This naturally leads to the need or change control and management of change in order to ensure that changes in the infrastructure, policies or procedure related changes specific to a given care unit or hospital is not only implemented but also managed as part of the NHS trust. This is necessary because of the fact that any emergency response team that is dispatched to the specific unit can be aware of the changes before hand and the relevant personnel with the necessary expertise arrive at the scene. This is evident in the case of the clinical incident where the emergency medical staff that arrived at the primary health care centre was not only aware of the procedures at the primary care unit but also lacked knowledge in operating the equipments at the facility. This process of change management and the audit control when managed in tandem centrally by the NHS trust, can help provide the relevant information that is up-to-date on the paramedic or emergency staff’s handheld devices thus helping the staff overcome the element of surprise due to malfunctioning or outmoded equipments etc., The audit control process in the clinical environment as argued by Onion (2000) is deemed to become effective when the changes to the policies and procedures are incorporated as changes to the then implemented procedures and policies along with upgrades to any equipment at a given healthcare unit will be logged and monitored across the board. This process will also help in devising the training plan for the medical staff. As the emergency medical staff that arrived at the primary healthcare unit was unable to operate the equipments available at the facility because of the lack of knowledge, this makes it clear that the training is a critical part of the change management process. The audit control when enforced alongside the change management process will help achieve the desired result of training the appropriate medical staff and emergency response staff members to deliver the desired health care service at the hospitals and the primary healthcare units that are attached to the hos pital. The major barriers to the change management is the funding and the availability of resources as the implementation of a quality assurance process with consistency in the equipments being used across the hospitals and attached healthcare units will require commitment of resources and funds to procurement of the infrastructure as well as training of the staff as argued by Onion (2000). It is also critical to appreciate the fact that not only the change control, but also the need to realise sustainable return on the investment in specific piece of hardware at a given healthcare unit naturally requires the need to ensure that the change process to achieve quality assurance does not affect the existing investments at the facilities managed b the NHS trust. This makes it clear that the effective delivery of the services at the NHS must be accomplished through introducing the change management process as part of the infrastructure upgrades being conducted but ensure that the policies and pr ocedures for the emergency response and day-to-day medical operations are implemented. As the change management and audit control are expected to govern the managerial elements of the operational and strategic business of the NHS, the aforementioned must be managed effectively. This process itself will help provide the relevant information to the emergency staff in order to effectively respond to a given medical emergency. The aforementioned also includes the process and procedure associated with the dispatch of the emergency medical staff as the failure of the dispatch team to send the staff to the correct location in the first instance resulted in delays to the medical care given to the patient at the primary healthcare unit. The setting of the policies and their implementation can be achieved successfully once they are reviewed and the senior management along with the operational staff are in agreement with the policies/procedures prior to their implementation. This is necessary because of the need to ensure that the staff members are aware of their duties in the light of the new policy thus avoiding potential errors associated with the dispatch of emergency medical staff to the wrong location, lack of training to the staff member at any given facility as well as sending emergency response medical personnel who do not have the relevant training in operating the equipments at the given facility. This makes it clear that the implementation of an organization wide policy would leave the paramedic to be concerned with the equipments at the facility alone. This is because the former when standardised will be the same across the facilities at the given NHS trust thus overcoming the barrier of lack of informati on or misinformation. 4. Clinical Failures and Lessons Learned The case of clinical governance at Greater Manchester NHS Trust (Clinical Governance Support Team[5]) is a classical example for this case where the clinical governance implementation changed the attitude of the staff towards incident reporting and clinical failures. The positive approach to handling the critical incidents through avoiding disciplinary on the staff involved and encouraging the process of taking collective responsibility to the case justifies that the clinical governance is a major element that attributes to the effective use of the lessons learned process and knowledge transfer across the organization in the NHS trusts of the UK. The change in the attitude of the staff towards reporting incidents with the outlook of realizing benefits to the organization through the information gathered in the critical incident in order to help address policy related issues and fill the gaps in the expertise and training required at the Greater Manchester NHS Trust further justifies that personnel management at the NHS trust is the major element that must be addressed as part of the policy and procedure review to implement quality assurance and TQM within a given NHS trust. In case of the primary healthcare unit incident, it is clear that the implementation of the aforementioned would not only encourage the staff to learn from the incident but also avoid potential incidents in future through drafting the best practices that can be implemented organization wide to achieve clinical governance. 5. Conclusion From the research presented above, it is clear that the review of the existing policies and procedures must be conducted at the NHS trust on a organization wide basis in order to revise and implemented the policies along with audit control change management to ensure best practices are devised and adhered to effectively. Footnotes [1] Lee, R. (1999), Clinical governance and risk management, Journal of the Medical Defence Union 15 (2) [2] Savage, J. (2000), The culture of culture in National Health Service policy implementation, Nursing Inquiry 7 (4) [3] Carl W. R. Onion (2000), Principles to govern clinical governance, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 6 (4) [4] L. G. Trubek, Joseph V Rees, A. Bryce Hoflund, Marybeth Farquhar and Carol A Heimer (2008), Health care and new governance: The quest for effective regulation, Regulation Governance 2 (1) [5] Clinical Governance Support Team (2002/2003), Communicating the need for change: getting better following untoward incidents. Online Resource [URL: www.cgsupport.nhs.uk]

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Slaughterhouse-Five Essay: Irony, Dark Humor, and Satire :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Irony, Dark Humor, and Satire in Slaughterhouse-Five Kurt Vonnegut uses a combination of dark humor and irony in Slaughterhouse-Five. As a result, the novel enables the reader to realize the horrors of war while simultaneously laughing at some of the absurd situations it can generate. Mostly, Vonnegut wants the reader to recognize the fact that one has to accept things as they happen because no one can change the inevitable. Although Slaughterhouse-Five may not be filled with delightful satire and comical scenes, there are accounts which the force the reader to laugh. In one instance, an extremely drunk Billy Pilgrim is searching desperately for the steering wheel of his car: "He was in the backseat of his car, which is why he couldn't find the steering wheel," Vonnegut writes (47). In another episode, Billy becomes "unstuck" in time while watching television, so that he sees a war film backwards and then forwards. The most humorous sequence takes place when Billy travels from the zoo on Tralfamadore to his wedding night with his wife, Valencia. He wakes up to find himself in the German prison camp. He then finds himself back with Valencia after returning from the bathroom. He goes to sleep, then wakes up on a train on the way to his father's funeral. In any case, the reader encounters much dark humor in the novel. There is a sense of an embittered humor with the Tralfamadorian phrase, "So it goes," which is repeated over 100 times in the novel. John May says that Vonnegut's purpose in repeating the phrase after each statement of death is to build its meaning with each incremental refrain (Contemporary Literary Criticism 8: 530). At first, the saying can be looked upon as funny in an ironic way. However, as one reads further, the phrase becomes irritating and irreverent. The reader cannot fathom so many deaths meaning so little. According t o Wayne McGinnis, it is most likely Vonnegut's intent to cause such feelings from the reader (Contemporary Literary Criticism 5: 468). This punctuating phrase forces the reader to look at the novel's deaths one after the other. Ultimately, the repetition creates a feeling of resentment that too many people are killed. The saying is a grim reminder that means exactly the opposite of what its words say. Vonnegut ends the novel with the reminder of the deaths of JFK, Martin Luther King, and all of those that died in Vietnam.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Comparative Employee Relations Essay

Employees relations is those policies and daily practices that are concerned with the regulation and management of individual and team relationships within the organization. Essentially, employee relations are cantered on the ability to resolve and prevent conflicts that involve either an individual or the teams in the organization which directly affect work situations and performance. Efficient communication ensures that information is passed to the employees in order to allow them understand better the company’s goals and objectives. Most employee relations managers uphold the responsibility of handling grievances, individual code of conduct while in the office, evaluation of employee performance and counselling programs. Sound employee relations are based on participation and effective communication for both the management and the employees. There are various management styles that cover the way employee relations must be conducted in order to achieve the best from the employees. These management styles are intended to teach employees the following, –  Ã‚  Applicable regulations and policies – Bargaining agreements – Grievance and appeal rights – Discrimination and protection of whistleblowers Employee relations have broadened its definition from the initial industrial relations to such aspects as employer-employee relations, personal contracts, workplace environmental safety, and socio-emotional factors. In developed countries, there is a growing trend of harmonization in almost all levels of government mainly because of the government commitment to enhance employee relations programs. Comparison of employee relations in Kenya and the United States Employee relations between different countries such as the United States, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, Europe and underdeveloped countries such as Kenya are far much varied because of issues such as; economic status, political will, policy creation and implementation, employee literacy standards, justice systems, type of company and management standards United States and Kenya are two different countries that have different views and perceptions on how they handle employee relations. In some issues however, they agree and others they don’t. Similarities – Both are members of the International Labour Association – They both have federal courts that deal with cases arising from employees – Both countries have trade unions that champion for employee rights – They have health and safety assessment policies – Both value equal treatment, opportunities and rights for the employees – Both countries have created and implemented policies and legal requirements that govern the conduct of both the employer and the employees – In both countries workplace malpractices occur – Both uphold human rights concerning employees – They both have turnover and retention concerns – In both workplace harassment is punishable by law Differences In the U.S, every State i.e. Washington, Texas etc have each Employee Relations Advisory Organization (ERAO) that is concerned with individual organizations dealing with employee relations[1] while in Kenya there is only one central organization that deals with the issues raised by its employees. Also, the U.S has an elaborate system of government that promotes the utilization of its staff members attached to the Employee Relations Advisory Board to monitor employee relations in various companies. In Kenya, the situation is different with no government body that is specifically assigned the duty of overseeing employee relations. In   the   U.S each organization including institutions have the privilege of getting the services of an employee relations officer but in Kenya, the companies find it difficult and expensive to hire an employee relations manager. The U.S also has well trained personnel that have the human resource skills to handle employee relations issues which Kenya does not. In addition, the U.S have a better economy that can support better pay packages, benefits, compensations and other incentives while in   Kenya employers pay poorly thus undermining the morale, motivation and performance of individual employees. Finally, in the U.S, the employees are from different parts of the world speaking different languages and diverse political, social, cultural and religious backgrounds making it difficult and tedious to the companies to ensure smooth harmonization in the company. While in Kenya, only a few internationals work in some companies with the majority being the locals making employee relations very easy to manage Third world countries like Kenya, are not economically capable of handling employee relations effectively. With an unemployment rate of 57%, most employers are arrogant to employees because they know that they can sack one employ another within a very short time frame. Since most companies due to financial weaknesses cannot afford the services of employee relations manager, then the work of handling employee issue are either left with the general manager or the human resources manager who have no skills to handle the sector. This will lead to unfair and costly consequences for the company such as failure to understand individual problems which will in turn affect his or her performance. Because of corruption in Kenya, very few cases of employee relations abuse have been so far settled while in the U.S the case is different with more significant cases being reported each year.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder †Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Example

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all kinds of mind disorders. Mind disorders are illnesses in which the normal function of the mind is hindered by some reason, depending on the illness. They disrupt daily activities and may at some point turn a person into a dysfunctional individual. Although these illnesses all occur in the brain, all possess characteristics that distinguish one from the other. Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all mental disorders which have symptoms that identify each accordingly. Autism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism is a disorder which affects all the mental developments. Unlike Asperger Syndrome and PDD-NOS, autism’s symptoms and characteristics that a patient exemplifies may vary depending on the age. Due to this characteristic as well, the only means to recognize autism immediately is by comparing a patient’s action and comprehension to the typical ways of thinking of a person of the same age as the patient. When a person’s brain functions do not tally with the typical brain functions and development of people in the same age bracket, autism disorder may be diagnosed (Frith, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People with autistic disorder may be distinguished from those with Asperger Syndrome as the latter does not have significant delay in language development. An autistic person also has a hard time comprehending the actions and words of other people interacting with them. Autism also has symptoms similar to PDD-NOS (First, Frances, Pincus, 2002). Asperger Syndrome Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compared to autism, Asperger syndrome is considered as milder. It also hinders normal brain functions, but unlike autism, Asperger does not cause as much dysfunctionality as autism. As stated earlier, it does not significantly delay the language development of a person. However, people with Asperger also have difficulty in speaking. Mostly, inflection and repetition occurs. Another one of its characteristics is that most patients of the disorder isolate themselves from society and they are more eccentric than usual. In other countries, Asperger is considered as another name for PDD-NOS (First et al., 2002). PDD-NOS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PDD-NOS or Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified is a condition in which some characteristics of autism is exhibited. In the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (2002), a person is diagnosed with PDD-NOS only if the full symptoms or features of autism are not met. This suggests that, like Asperger, PDD-NOS is similar to autism. It is also a developmental disorder. It has no direct and distinguishing feature. The patients suffering from this disorder also have a hard time socializing with others. Communication is also difficult for them. They are also hypersensitive. However, like Asperger, PDD-NOS may be regarded as a milder form of autism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the given characteristics for each illness, it may be found that the three given disorders are quite similar. They only vary from each other in terms of the severity of the non-development of the brain and the dysfunctionality each disorder causes to the person suffering from it. Autism may be considered as the worst among the three. It causes severely impaired social interaction and speech disorder. Unlike Asperger and PDD-NOS, autism greatly delays the brain development. On the other hand, Asperger syndrome does not cause a significant delay in language development. However, socialization is still impaired. This is almost similar to PDD-NOS. It also causes social impairment, but compared to autistic disorder, the impairment is only mild; there still remains hope for better communication and socialization. In addition, PDD-NOS is not commonly diagnosed unless the patient exhibits symptoms that do not qualify as symptoms of autism. Table 1 – Similarities and Differences in the Symptoms of Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS Autism and Asperger Syndrome Autism and PDD-NOS Asperger Syndrome   and PDD-NOS Symptom Similarities social interaction impairment speech impairment underdeveloped communication skills Brain underdevelopment speech impairment social interaction impairment Milder speech impairment milder impairment of social skills milder communication skills impairment Symptom Differences Autistic patients exhibit worse underdevelopment charcateristics inability to interact is worse speech defects are more pronounced asperger patients have milder communication defects PDD-NOS exhibit speech defect that are milder and brain underdevelopemnt signs are not as pronounced autistic patients have slower comprehension skills Asperger patients tend to repeat and stutter speech defect is more pronounced but not as much as it is with autism PDD-NOS exhibits underdevelopment signs in a milder way References First, M., Frances, A., Pincus, H.A. (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virginia: American Psychiatric Publishing Frith, U. (2003). Autism. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Origins and Exchanges along the Silk Roads

Origins and Exchanges along the Silk Roads Free Online Research Papers Almost no where in history can one find material and cultural exchange that rivals that which was present on the Silk Roads during their prime years of use. The scale of this exchange was so grand that the routes themselves spanned all the way from China to the Roman Empire, with branches even stretching into the north (Stockwell 14). With so much distance covered, many people of different ethnicities, religions and cultures were incorporated into this massive trade network. The trafficking of goods facilitated interaction between these groups of people, thus fostering cultural exchange as well. Along the Silk Roads, one could find amazing material trade and cultural mingling that connected civilizations thousands of miles apart, affecting those involved in dynamic ways. The exchanges along the Silk Roads gave China a valuable influx of new perspectives and cultures that it had never had access to before. The term â€Å"Silk Roads† was never used by the people who actually traveled the trade routes; it was in fact coined by a German geographer named Von Richthofen in the 19th century. He was the first westerner to realize the significance and interconnectedness of these ancient roads, and felt compelled to name them. He christened them for their most precious Chinese commodity, hence the now common name: the Silk Roads (Sinor 1). Although interactions between the East and West may have occurred on a minute scale previously, it wasn’t until the Northern Silk Road began to develop around 138 B.C.E. that trade really took off. This particular route started at present day Xi’an and traveled through the Western Corridor beyond the Yellow River before reaching Xingjian, Uzbekistan, Iran, and Iraq, where it finally met the western border of the Roman Empire. This route was the most heavily traveled at first, and it was utilized for over a thousand years (Stockwell 14) . A second trade route existed by sea, beginning at the ports of Xuwen and Hepu in southern China. After passing through the Malacca Strait, this course ended in Burma. Sea routes had some advantages over land routes because ships could carry much heavier loads and the trips were often quicker. However, ships had to beware pirate attacks and brutal storms at sea. This path was very significant, for it connected China to Japan, Korea and the Philippines. This sea route was used so often that the Chinese government even set up the Bureau of Merchant Shipping in the 8th century in order to monitor the imports and exports. Appointed officials used their discretion to regulate and tax imports in order to benefit the Chinese economy as well as to prevent the export of illicit materials (Stockwell 14). An important third branch of the Silk Roads existed in southwestern China. This branch sprouted from Chengdu in Sichuan Province and went through Yunnan, Burma, India, Afghanistan, and Russia. Here, it joined the Northern Silk Road at Mary in Turkmenistan. It was along this road that gold, silk, and precious stones were first traded between China, India, Burma, the Middle East, and Africa (Stockwell 15). These three branches of the Silk Roads provided the means for most of the trade that occurred in central Asia during this time period. Although these roads existed, and trade was occurring on a fairly large scale, China remained unaware of their existence. It wasn’t until 139 B.C.E., when the Han Emperor Wu Di sent Zhang Qian to the west, that a Chinese person came upon the Silk Roads. Until this point in time, China remained isolated from the outside world. Zhang’s journey to the west opened new doors for cultural exchange on a massive level that the Chinese had never experienced before. Zhang Qian was sent on a mission to contract an alliance with a nomadic tribe called the Yuezhi, but he failed. He was captured by the Xiongnu, long term enemies of the Chinese. As he roamed about with his captors, Zhang learned much about the lands neighboring China, and after he escaped he continued on his journey. His travels took him as far west as India, and he was amazed at what he found. Zhang Qian discovered merchants selling Chinese goods along these great routes in places that no Chinese person had ever bee n. Once he finally found the Yuezhi, they were not interested in forming an alliance, and upon his return journey, Zhang Qian was once again captured by the Xiongnu. He was eventually able to escape a second time and returned to China after thirteen years of traveling (Foltz 2). Wu Di was captivated by Zhang Qian’s tales of foreign lands and the extensive opportunity for trade. In only a few years, Chinese merchants were regularly following the Silk Roads west, and for nearly twenty years, this trade prospered under Wu Di (3). Once China discovered the Silk Roads’ existence, trade between East and West flourished on a whole new level. China began extensive trade once it first utilized the Silk Roads, but they really became a powerhouse when they took over the eastern portion of the trade routes. In 104 and 102 B.C.E., a Han general led expeditions to the Pamir Mountains to subdue the Ferghana, thus gaining lordship over the area. Those native to the area accepted Chinese rule because Chinese garrisons protected the trade routes from marauding bandits (Ebrey 61). With more control over the Silk Roads, Chinese trade with the West exploded. For the first time, China was right on the forefront of trade. New food substances brought to China by the Silk Roads included walnuts, pomegranates, sesame, and coriander (61). Other imports included dates, saffron powder, pistachio nuts, frankincense, aloes, myrrh, sandalwood, and even glass. China exported iron, spices, lacquer ware and porcelain, but silk was always its most valuable commodity (Stockwell 14). In fact, so much silk was purchased in Rome during the Augustan Age that Roman writers such as Pliny began to protest that Rome was spending far too much money on foreign imports. Some Romans even began to criticize women for their particular preference of silk over other clothes, proclaiming that silk was an immodest and excessive indulgence that would bankrupt the state (15). Without the Silk Roads, China would have remained relatively isolated for a much longer period of time, thus missing out on the beneficial material trade. Trade over the Northern Silk Road reached its greatest height during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.). The extent of trade that occurred during this time period was enormous; the imperial gardens of the Tang were said to be full of such exotic birds as rare herons, tufted ducks, peacocks, and hunting hawks, while the warehouses were full of ice to store the imported fruit (15). This trade was made possible by the use of the Bactrian camel. With its thick, coarse fur, it could withstand the frigid temperatures often encountered along the Silk Roads, and each camel could carry approximately 500 pounds (Ebrey 61). More than material goods were exchanged via the Silk Roads. Many cultural exchanges occurred as well. The imperial capital at Xi’an experienced a constant flow of foreign merchants, and ethnic minorities from some of these foreigners are still present in China today. These merchants brought with them new perspectives, music, art, and skills, thus enriching and diversifying Chinese culture. In the absence of the Silk Roads, China would have lost out on many significant additions to its culture (Stockwell 15). Another one of the largest cultural exchanges was that of language. It was through spoken language that people from different civilizations communicated their beliefs, ideas, and general viewpoints about the world. Therefore, language provided a vehicle for cultural mingling on a massive scale. An amazing variety of languages were used along the Silk Roads, with the total number soaring around seventeen (Sinor 3). According to Sinor, â€Å"The many multilingual inscriptions to be found in the lands crossed by the Silk Roads testify to the linguistic diversity of the peoples living along them and, at the same time, to the political or religious need to address them in their own tongue (6).† Although there were many people who became multilingual, most tradesmen, lacking the time or skills to learn other languages, made use of interpreters. Interpreters were of high value and paid handsomely for their skills. Many caravans would not travel without several linguists in their com pany (7). Arguably the most important exchange along the Silk Roads was not made in material goods or in language, but in religion, for it is was along the Silk Roads that Buddhism made its way into China. The two major Buddhist schools on the Silk Roads were Dharmaguptakas and Sarvastivadins, but Mahayana Buddhism gained strength in regions such as Khotan, and quickly replaced the others (Foltz 39). Buddhist monks probably reached Khotan on the southern loop of the Silk Roads skirting the Takla Makan desert in the first century, and the king of Khotan sponsored many Buddhist schools (Foltz 48). The kings of this time period recognized that spiritual acceptance would attract a greater number of people and therefore be beneficial for business and trade, so they were extremely tolerant of Buddhism. In the first half of the first century, the Han Dynasty pushed into central Asia in search of the fine horses bred there, and China gained control of the eastern part of the Silk Roads (49). Once the Chinese merchants came into contact with foreign merchants who practiced Buddhism along the Silk Roads, the base for Buddhism in China was born. Soon, central Asian and Chinese monks were translating Buddhist sutras from Sanskrit to Chinese (Ebrey 69). This massive translation spurred the spread of Buddhism throughout East Asia, including Korea and Japan (70). This spread of religion along the Silk Roads shows how, when different civilizations collide, ideas and beliefs are shared, and may even become deeply rooted in the cultures of each group. China today, for example, still has a large Buddhist population. Here, one can see that cultural exchange that occurred thousands of years ago still has an echo in modern times. It is almost inconceivable that thousands of years ago, people were engaging in trade on such a massive level, but the Silk Roads did in fact allow for huge amounts of cross-cultural trade. Of course, material goods were exchanged, but even more importantly, cultures interacted and influenced one another. Languages and religions were spread along with general understandings of other cultures. These amazing trade routes crossed thousands of miles and the huge continent of Asia, uniting civilizations that were worlds apart. The Silk Roads hold great significance for China. It was via these trade routes that China received its first massive flood of new material goods and cultural perspectives, thus breaking its isolation. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, and James B. Palais. Pre-Modern East Asia: To 1800 A Cultural, Social, and Political History. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Foltz, Richard C. Religions of the Silk Roads: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1961. Sinor, Denis. â€Å"Language and Cultural Interchange along the Silk Roads.† Diogenes Fall 1995: 1-12. Stockwell, Foster. Westerners in China: A History of Exploration and Trade, Ancient Times through the Present. London: McFarland, 2003. 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Monday, November 4, 2019

In what way and with what kind of strategic choice does the Apple Inc Assignment

In what way and with what kind of strategic choice does the Apple Inc. use to entry into the Nigerian market - Assignment Example Moreover, its establishment into the international computer market brought further success to the company. Apple is significantly known for its iPod, iPad, iPhone, iTunes etc. The company has also manufactured revolutionary OSX operating systems and Mac Laptops (ERGONOMICS, 2013). In the late December 2012, Apple Inc. made a significant entrance into the Nigerian Computer Market as per its international expansion strategy. There are certain variables which drives the company’s successful expansion strategies simultaneously increasing its market share while successfully competing with competitors. Apple Inc. provides remarkable services to its users in Nigeria apart from the wide range of products. These services include support programs on how to use Apple products, manuals provided by the company so as to troubleshoot the problems associated with any of the sold items, technical guidance and system specifications, downloading options of latest software and updates for existing programs and most significantly it provides community facility to its users which enables them to share and discus their ideas and issues with other Apple users (SUPPORT, 2013). This paper aims to critically discuss and evaluate the strategic approach used by Apple Inc. so as to enter into the Nigerian Market. Additionally, it will highlight the reasons for the company’s international expansion and its historical performance throughout the world. Apple Inc. has one of the finest and most advanced range of computers which enables the company to successfully run its strategic activities all over the globe, and therefore these products along with the services shall be discussed. Moreover, the company’s market share and competitive position within the industry shall be analyzed. Whenever a multinational corporation enters into a comparatively new market it has certain reasons and underlying causes for its

Friday, November 1, 2019

Statistics for Managers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics for Managers - Assignment Example Managers are frequently exposed to large masses of data but before the data can be put into use, must be organized, summarized and critically interpreted. Therefore this is one of a very important aspect of statistics. Research has clearly shown that top managers reach to a consensus 25% more quickly when responding to graphical presentations. This importance of descriptive statistics is thus a key strategy for managers. It is advisable for the management to posses analytical skills necessary to interpret graphs and computations on the same. Inferential statistics It can also be defined as making inferences about a population from a random sample. On the other inference refers to the art of reasoning involved in making conclusions and logical judgement based on the evidence from the collected data. Management revolves around decision making and thus inferential statistics come into place because the manager has to analyze the trend of the business operation (Broster, 1972). Based on the competitors or generally the market fluctuations such as change in consumer demands, the management is able to observe clearly the trend and from the given observations, logical judgements or inferences are made on the same. This is a very important aspect for a successive manager hence a better understanding of inferential statistics is important because it is a driving force to a positive growth of a business. Hypothesis development and testing A hypothesis is some testable believe or opinion while hypothesis is the process of formulating and coming up with hypothesis. On the contrary, hypothesis testing is the process by which they believe is tested through statistical means (Levin, 1987). This aspect of... The main objective of this essay is to critically analyze the different aspects of statistics, learnt by the researcher throughout the course in relation to management. It is an in depth explanation of ethical and managerial traits one has to possess through acquiring statistical knowledge. This essay is also important in helping students aspiring to be future managers to take the study of statistics seriously, so as to avoid future dilemma when it come to making and implementing decisions. Generally statistics improve the quality of data through the use of specific sample surveys and experimental designs It provides the tools necessary for making predictions based on the data collected through statistical models. There are two types of statistics basically qualitative and quantitative or inferential and descriptive statistics. Statistics for managers is of significance since it is the foundation on which precise, accurate and informed decisions are made. The researcher states that a manager has to apply different aspects of statistical knowledge in order to make informed decisions and continue to prosper. The role of statistics cannot be replaced, neither can it be underestimated because it is very useful to managers and improving their analytical and interpretive skills based on data collected. Moreover, the researcher concluds his study on the topic and gives statement that no manager can be successful without statistical knowledge thus a very important aspect in the art of management.